In general terms, the lyophilization process consists of three main stages:
- Freezing,
- Primary drying (sublimation),
- Secondary drying (desorption),
The stages go as follows:
- The product is subjected to the freezing process.
- Depending on the product type, the duration of the freezing process is kept longer or slightly shorter.
- In the primary drying stage, a slight vacuum is applied in the lyophilization cabinet where the product is in, and as the temperture drops gradually, the high-energy molecules vaporize outside on their own.
- In the secondary drying stage, on the other hand, the vacuum is maximized and the last water molecules that have crystallized and become attached to the material are drawn out of the material.
